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VIENNA — Artificial Intelligence (AI) can assist doctors in assessing and diagnosing respiratory illnesses in infants and children, according to two new studies presented at the European Respiratory Society (ERS) 2024 Congress .

Researchers can train Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to detect lung disease in premature babies by analyzing their breathing patterns while they sleep. "Our noninvasive test is less distressing for the baby and their parents, meaning they can access treatment more quickly, and may also be relevant for their long-term prognosis," said Edgard Delgado-Eckert, PhD, adjunct professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and a research group leader at the University Children’s Hospital, Switzerland. Manjith Narayanan, MD Manjith Narayanan, MD, a consultant in pediatric pulmonology at the Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, and honorary senior clinical lecturer at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, said chatbots such as ChatGPT, Bard, and Bing can perform as well as or better than trainee doctors when assessing children with respiratory issues. He said chatbots could triage patients more quickly and ease pressure on health services. Chatbots Show Promise in Triage of Pediatric Respiratory Illnesses

Researchers at the University of Edinburgh provided 10 trainee doctors with less than four months of clinical experience in pediatrics with clinical scenarios that covered topics such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, sleep-disordered breathing, breathlessness, chest infections, or with no obvious diagnosis.

The trainee doctors had 1 hour to use the internet, although they were not allowed to use chatbots to solve each scenario with a descriptive answer.

Each scenario was also presented to the three large language models (LLMs): OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Bard, and Microsoft’s Bing.

Six pediatric respiratory experts assessed all responses, scoring correctness, comprehensiveness, usefulness, plausibility, and coherence on a scale of 0-9. They were also asked to say whether they thought a human or a chatbot generated each response.

ChatGPT scored an average of 7 out of 9 overall and was believed to be more human-like than responses from the other chatbots. Bard scored an average of 6 out of 9 and was […]

Artificial Intelligence Helps Diagnose Lung Disease in Infants and Performs Better Than Trainee Doctors